October 26, 2009
As the economy continues to flounder along, one need not look very far to find enthusiastic cheerleaders embracing any seemingly positive information to reinforce the belief that this catastrophic chapter in history is about to reach an end. Meanwhile, others are watching out for signs of more trouble. The recent celebrations over the return of the Dow Jones Industrial Average to the 10,000 level gave some sensible commentators the opportunity to point out that this may simply be evidence that we are experiencing an “asset bubble” which could burst at any moment.
October 21 brought the latest Quarterly Report from SIGTARP, the Special Investigator General for TARP, who is a gentleman named Neil Barofsky. Since the report is 256 pages long, it made more sense for Mr. Barofsky to submit to a few television interviews and simply explain to us, the latest results of his investigatory work. In a discussion with CNN’s Wolf Blitzer on that date, Mr. Barofsky voiced his concern about the potential consequences that could arise because those bailed-out banks, considered “too big to fail” have continued to grow, due to government-approved mergers:
“These banks that were too big to fail are now bigger,” Barofsky said. “Government has sponsored and supported several mergers that made them larger and that guarantee, that implicit guarantee of moral hazard, the idea that the government is not going to let these banks fail, which was implicit a year ago, is now explicit, we’ve said it. So if anything, not only have there not been any meaningful regulatory reform to make it less likely, in a lot of ways, the government has made such problems more likely.
“Potentially we could be in more danger now than we were a year ago,” he added.
In comparing where the economy is now, as opposed to this time last year, we haven’t seen much in the way of increased lending by the oversized banks. In fact, we’ve only seen more hubris and bullying on their part. Julian Delasantellis expressed it this way in his October 22 essay for the Asia Times:
Now, a year later, things have turned out exactly as expected – except that the roles are reversed. The rulemakers have not disciplined the corrupted; it’s more accurate to say that the corrupted have abased the rulemakers. If the intention was that the big investment banks would settle down into a sort of quiet, reserved suburban lifestyle, the reality has been that they’ve acted more like former gangsters placed into the US government’s witness protection program, taking over the numbers racket on the Saturday pee-wee soccer fields.
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Obviously, there can’t be any inflation, or any real long-term earnings growth for consumer and business-oriented banks for that matter, as long as the economic crisis continues to destroy capital faster than Obama can ask Bernanke to print it.
These issues are of little concern to operations such as Goldman and Morgan, with their trading strategies and profit profiles essentially divorced from the real economy. But down here on planetary level, as the little league baseball fields don’t get maintained because the businesses who funded the work go out of business after having their loans called, after elderly people with chest pains have to wait longer for one of the few ambulances on station after rescue service cutbacks, life is changing, changing for the long term, and it sure isn’t pretty.
“Proprietary trading” by banks such as Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan Chase, forms an important part of their business model. This practice involves trading by those banks, on their own accounts, rather than the accounts of customers. The possibility of earning lavish bonus payments helps to incentivize risk taking by the traders working on the “prop desks” of those institutions. Gillian Tett wrote a report for the Financial Times on October 22, wherein she discussed an e-mail she received from a recently-retired banker, who stays in touch with his former colleagues — all of whom remain actively trading the markets. Ms. Tett observed that this man was “feeling deeply shocked” when he shared his observations with her:
“Forget about the events of the past 12 months … the punters are back punting as aggressively as ever,” he wrote. “Highly leveraged short-term trades are back in vogue as players … jostle to load up on everything from Reits [real estate investment trusts] and commercial property, commodities, emerging markets and regular stocks and bonds.
“Oh, I am sure the banks’ public relations people will talk about the subdued atmosphere in banking, but don’t you believe it,” he continued bitterly, noting that when money is virtually free — or, at least, at 0.5 per cent — traders feel stupid if they don’t leverage up.
“Any sense of control is being chucked out of the window. After the dotcom boom and bust it took a good few years for the market to get its collective mojo back [but] this time it has taken just a few months,” he added. He finished with a despairing question: “Was October 2008 just a dress rehearsal for the crash when this latest bubble bursts?”
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Yet, if you talk at length to traders — or senior bankers — it seems that few truly believe that fundamentals alone explain this pattern. Instead, the real trigger is the amount of money that central bankers have poured into the system that is frantically seeking a home, because most banks simply do not want to use that cash to make loans. Hence, the fact that the prices of almost all risk assets are rallying — even as non-risky assets such as Treasuries bounce too.
Now, some western policymakers like to argue — or hope –that this striking rally could be beneficial, in a way, even if it is not initially based on fundamentals. After all, the argument goes, if markets rebound sharply, that should boost animal spirits in a way that could eventually seep through to the “real” economy.
On this interpretation, the current rally could turn out to be akin to the firelighter that one uses to start a blaze in a pile of damp wood.
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So I, like my e-mail correspondent, am growing uneasy. Perhaps, the optimistic “firelighter-igniting-the-damp-wood” scenario will yet come to play; but we will probably not really know whether the optimists are correct for at least another six months.
Gillian Tett’s “give it six months” approach seems much more sober and rational than what we hear from many of the exuberant commentators appearing on television. Beyond that, she reminds us that our current situation involves a more important issue than the question of whether our economy can experience sustained growth: The continued use of leveraged risk-taking by TARP beneficiaries invites the possibility of a return to last year’s crisis-level conditions. As long as those banks know that the taxpayers will be back to bail them out again, there is every reason to assume that we are all headed for more trouble.
Getting It Right
October 29, 2009
For some reason, a large number of people continue to rely on the advice of stock market prognosticators, long after those pundits have proven themselves unreliable, usually due to a string of erroneous predictions. The best example of this phenomenon is Jim Cramer of CNBC. On March 4, Jon Stewart featured a number of video clips wherein Cramer wasn’t just wrong — he was wildly wrong, often when due diligence on Cramer’s part would have resulted in a different forecast. Nevertheless, some individuals still follow Cramer’s investment advice.
This summer’s stock market rally made many of us feel foolish. John Carney of The Business Insider compiled a great presentation entitled “The Idiot-Maker Rally” which focused on 15 stock market gurus “who now look like fools” because they remained in denial about the rally, while those who ignored them made loads of money.
One guy who got it right was a gentleman named Jeremy Grantham. His asset management firm, GMO, is responsible for investing over $85 billion of its clients’ funds. On May 14, I discussed Mr. Grantham’s economic forecast from his Quarterly Letter, published at the end of this year’s first quarter. At that time, he predicted that in late 2009 or early 2010, there would be a stock market rally, bringing the Standard and Poor’s 500 index near the 1100 range. As you probably know, we saw that happen last week. Unfortunately, he was not particularly optimistic about what would follow:
Mr. Grantham’s Quarterly Letter for the third quarter of 2009 was recently published by his firm, GMO. This document is essential reading for anyone who is interested in the outlook for the stock market and our economy. Grantham is sticking with his prediction for “seven lean years” which he expects to commence at the conclusion of the current rally:
Scary as that may sound, Mr. Grantham does not believe that the S&P 500 will reach a new low, surpassing the Hadean level of 666 reached last March. On page 4 of the report, Grantham expressed his view that the current “fair value” of the S&P 500 “is now about 860”.
What I particularly enjoyed about the latest GMO Quarterly Letter was Grantham’s discussion of the factors that brought our economy to where it is today. In doing so, he targeted some of my favorite culprits: Alan Greenspan (who was pummeled on page 3), Larry Summers, Turbo Tim Geithner (who “sat in the very engine room of the USS Disaster and helped steer her onto the rocks”), Goldman Sachs and finally: Ben Bernanke — whose nomination to a second term as Federal Reserve chairman was treated with well-deserved outrage.
The report included a supplement (beginning at page 10) wherein Mr. Grantham discussed the imperative need to redesign our financial system:
Grantham’s suggested changes include forcing banks to spin off their “proprietary trading” operations, wherein a bank trades investments on behalf of its own account, usually in breach of the fiduciary duties it owes its customers. He also addressed the need to break up those financial institutions considered “too big to fail”. (As an aside, the British government has now taken steps to break up its banks that pose a systemic risk to the entire financial structure.) Grantham’s final point concerned the need for public oversight, to prevent the “regulatory capture” that has helped maintain this intolerable status quo.
Jeremy Grantham is a guy who gets it right. Our leaders need to pay more serious attention to him. If they don’t — we should vote them out of office.